Disclaimer

43dots is an educational publication. Everything here is general information, not personalised financial advice.

Not financial advice

Our guides explain how US taxes, credit scores, cards, and loans work in plain language. They do not account for your personal situation. 43dots is written by a software developer, not a CPA or a licensed financial advisor. Before you borrow, file, or act on anything you read here, confirm the current figures with the IRS or the institution involved, and speak to a qualified professional if you need advice for your own case.

Accuracy

Every figure here is taken from a primary source and checked before publishing, but tax thresholds, rates, and fees change, and errors can still slip through. Always confirm the latest numbers with the IRS, the institution, or the bureau before you decide. If you find something wrong, tell us at hello@43dots.com. Confirmed errors are corrected and logged on our corrections page.

Advertising and affiliate disclosure

To keep 43dots free, we may show ads and may earn a commission when you click some links to lenders or card issuers and go on to apply. This never changes what we write. We do not accept payment to give a product a better review, and our editorial decisions are independent of any advertiser. See our editorial policy.

Third-party links

We link to the IRS, federal agencies, bureaus, and financial institutions so you can verify what we publish. We do not control those sites and are not responsible for their content or their terms.

Trademarks

FICO is a registered trademark of Fair Isaac Corporation. Other names and brands belong to their respective owners and are used only to describe their products.